Direct Action Against the Insurer and Why Carriage Is Enforced

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Planned scope. The claimant’s right that gives the carriage requirement its force, and the port State refusal power.

Regulatory anchor. CLC 1992 art. VII; Nairobi WRC 2007 art. 12

Cluster. Ship certificates and documents carried on board. Catalogued in research/ship-certificates-onboard.md.

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