Who Issues a Ship Certificate: Flag Administration, Recognized Organization, Class Society

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Planned scope. Authority versus issuer, and why the same society signs in two legal capacities. Links to the class and flag cluster.

Regulatory anchor. SOLAS 1974 ch. I reg. 6; ch. XI-1 reg. 1; RO Code (MSC.349(92), MEPC.237(65))

Cluster. Ship certificates and documents carried on board. Catalogued in research/ship-certificates-onboard.md.

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